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| East India Co. India House, London.historyco.uk |
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| British East India co currency antique-currency.blog.spot |
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| /businessinspection.com.bd |
·Above image: After first voyage, in April 1607, England East India Company sailed from London to India for the first time with one of the largest merchant ships, “Hector” with 110 crew members and 24 guns. Initially, the company intended to buy cloth from India in exchange for silver and use it to buy spices from Indonesia. On August 24, 1608, the East India Company reached Surat but failed to get permission from the Mogul ruler. In 1615, the English ambassador Sir Thomas Roe successfully made a deal and received a royal decree from Emperor Jahangir. As a result, the East India Company began to build small forts and factory in the coastal areas of eastern and western India. In 1619, under the supervision of Thomas Roe, the East India Company started the coffee trade between India and Persia------------
In 1608, the English East India Company established a settlement at Surat (now in the state of Gujarat), and this became the company's first headquarters town only after 1615 CE. In the mid-19 th century, the East India Company had become the paramount political and military power in South Asia, its territory held in trust for the British Crown Slowly and steadily the company's' expansion was progressing steadily. EIC was a sort of proxy government under the crown.
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| Arrival of EIC with commercial agenda.slideshare.com. |
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| Ft. St.George, Chennapatnam 1639 en wikipedia.org |
The East India Company which was incorporated on 31 December 1600, established trade relations with Indian rulers in Masulipatnam (now in Andhra) ion the east coast in 1611. As a result of English failure to compete with the Dutch from the Spice Islands, they turned instead to India. In 1614 Sir Thomas Roe as instructed by King James I visited the court of Jahangir, the Moghal emperor of Hindustan and succeeded in arranging a commercial treaty and to secure for the East India Company sites for commercial agencies, -"factories" as they were called. East India Company set up factories at Ahmedabad, Broach and Agra. In 1640 East India Company established an outpost at Madras. In 1661 the company obtained Bombay from Charles II and converted it into a flourishing center of trade by 1668. English settlements came up in Orissa and Bengal. In 1633, in the Mahanadi delta of Hariharpur at Balasore in Orissa, factories were set up. Meanwhile, in eastern India, after obtaining permission from the Mogul Emperor Shah Jahan to trade with Bengal, the Company established its first factory at Hooghly in 1640.
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| ESI factory, Cossim bazaar, Bengal 1795 .bl.uk/onlinegallery |
Almost a half-century later, after Aurangzeb forced the Company out of Hooghly, Calcutta was developed by Job Charnock in 1686 (he was not the fonder). An English factory was set up in 1651 at Hugli (also Hoogley). In 1690 Job Charnock established a factory. In 1698 the factory was fortified and called Fort William. The villages of Sutanati, Kalikata and Gobindpore were developed into a singlet area called Calcutta. Calcutta later became a major trading center for East India Company.
Once in India, the British began to compete with the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the French. Through a combination of outright competition, clever alliances with local princes and choice of locations, the East India Company gained control of all European trades in India by 1769. In 1672 the French established themselves at Pondicherry it started rivalry between the British and French for control of Indian trade. The following presidencies were under the East India company's control:
The presidency town of Calcutta came up in 1690 and factories were fortified and called Fort William in 1698. It was developed by Job Charnock who was not its founder. .
Madras Presidency The company rented a trading outpost in Madras (Chennai)n 1639; established in 1640 – Ft. St. George (where the present Tamil Nadu legislature and the government are housed).
Bombay Presidency: East India Company's headquarters moved from Surat to Bombay (Mumbai) in 1687 for its strategic location. Bombay and the adjacent islands were acquired by the British Royal Family after a matrimonial alliance with Portuguese royals.
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