Tradition of Using Colorful Temple Umbrellas
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| Huge temple umbretta Kanchi Varadaraja Perumal Temple |
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| Temple Umbrellas, TN dir.indiamart.com |
The creation of colorful, handcrafted umbrellas for Hindu temples, known as Kovil Kodais, is a centuries-old tradition in South India. These artistic umbrellas are integral to religious ceremonies and processions, where they serve not only as protection for the deities from sun and rain but also as symbols of grandeur, adding a majestic touch to the celebrations. The umbrellas are often hand-carried or mounted on chariots when the idols are taken through the Maada or Ratha streets surrounding the temples. This tradition is most prominently observed in Vishnu and Shiva temples, as well as temples dedicated to other deities across Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and other regions.
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| Hindu temple Festival umbrella.tradeindia.com |
Each temple umbrella is custom-made, with the design reflecting the specific deity for which it is created. The colors and patterns vary depending on the presiding deity of the temple:
- Vishnu Temples: Use red and white-striped umbrellas with traditional motifs.
- Shiva, Ganesha, and Devi Temples: Feature multicolored motifs and distinct symbols appropriate for each god or goddess.
The materials used to create these umbrellas include silk, satin, velvet, and polyester, with the more affordable fabrics like satin and polyester being preferred today. The handle is made of sturdy teak wood, and the structure is supported by collapsible cane parts. Traditionally, the intricate patterns and motifs were hand-painted or embroidered by skilled artisans, but modern embroidery machines have simplified some aspects of production.
Historical Roots in Chintadripet, Chennai
The tradition of making temple umbrellas has deep historical roots in Chintadripet, an area in Chennai that is renowned for its community of hereditary artisans specializing in Kovil Kodais. The origin of this craft can be traced back to the early 18th century during the British colonial period. In 1734, Governor George Morton Pitt facilitated the settlement of a large group of weavers from the Saurashtra region (then part of the Bombay Presidency) in Chennai. More than 230 families were granted land to establish a weaving community, primarily to produce cotton textiles for export to England.
As demand for traditional textiles declined over time, the weavers shifted their focus to making decorative items for temples. This transition included creating custom-made umbrellas and garlands specifically for temple use. Today, around 10 to 20 families in Chintadripet continue to practice this craft, holding onto their hereditary rights and maintaining the age-old tradition.
Importance During Festivals
The demand for Kovil Kodais peaks during the Tamil month of Purattasi (September-October), which is considered highly auspicious for Lord Vishnu. The Tirupati Venkateswara Temple in Andhra Pradesh, for instance, orders a special set of 13 umbrellas for its annual Brahmotsavam and Garuda Seva ceremonies. These custom-made umbrellas are transported to the temple in a grand procession, symbolizing devotion and reverence.
Production Process and Artistry
Creating these temple umbrellas is a meticulous process that requires both skill and time. Smaller umbrellas with 7-foot handles can be made in 2 to 3 days by a few workers, while the larger ones, requiring handles up to 12 feet long, involve 10 artisans and take several weeks to complete. The motifs, rooted in ancient tradition and mythology, are carefully designed to represent the temple’s deity and the heritage of the temple.
Challenges in Preservation
Despite its rich history, the craft is facing challenges today. With the younger generation shifting to modern education and seeking better employment opportunities, there is a decline in interest in pursuing this traditional art form. If the trend continues, the continuity of this sacred craft, which is more than just an occupation but a significant cultural heritage, is at risk.
Conclusion
Temple umbrellas, though evolving in materials and methods, remain a cherished part of South Indian temple traditions. The dedication of the artisans in Chintadripet ensures that this sacred craft, rooted in centuries of devotion and artistry, continues to add splendor to temple ceremonies and processions across the region.
http://www.madrasdocumentaries.com/kovil-kodai--the-umbrella-of-the-gods.html
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